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FBI Report: Prepared Citizens Crucial to Stopping Active Shooters


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By: Teresa Mull


A recently released FBI report analyzing “Active Shooter Incidents in the United States in 2016 and 2017” concludes armed citizens are crucial to stopping active shooters.


“The FBI has designated 50 shootings in 2016 and 2017 as active shooter incidents. Twenty incidents occurred in 2016, while 30 incidents occurred in 2017,” the report says.


Of the 50 mass shootings (defined as “three or more killings in a single incident”) that happened in 21 states, 14 incidents ended with the exchange of gunfire between the shooters and law enforcement, 13 shooters committed suicide, 11 shooters were killed by police, 18 shooters were apprehended by police, and 8 shooters were stopped by citizens. (emphasis added)


“Armed and unarmed citizens engaged the shooter in 10 incidents,” the report concludes. “They safely and successfully ended the shootings in eight of those incidents. Their selfless actions likely saved many lives. The enhanced threat posed by active shooters and the swiftness with which active shooter incidents unfold support the importance of preparation by law enforcement officers and citizens alike.”


Link to article HERE



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Thanks for this, but...

The link is to an article that references the FBI report but I can't find the FBI report itself.

FBI PDF

 

 

Citizen Engagement and Casualties

  • In 10 incidents, citizens confronted the shooter. In eight of those incidents, one or more citizens safely and successfully acted to end the shooting.
  • In four incidents, unarmed citizens confronted or persuaded the shooter to end the shooting. In two incidents, school staff confronted and restrained the shooter. In one incident, the citizen used his car to thwart the shooter. In one incident, the citizen persuaded the shooter to surrender via telephone during a police chase; she ran up to the shooter's car as he came to a stop and pulled him out of his seat, bringing the chase to an end.
  • In four incidents, citizens possessing valid firearms permits successfully stopped the shooter. In two incidents, citizens exchanged gunfire with the shooter. In two incidents, the citizens held the shooter at gunpoint until law enforcement arrived.
  • In one incident, a citizen possessing a valid firearms permit exchanged gunfire with the shooter, causing the shooter to flee to another scene and continue shooting.
  • In one incident, a citizen possessing a valid firearms permit was wounded before he could fire at the shooter.
...

 

Conclusion

All 50 FBI active shooter-designated incidents during the 2016-2017 time frame were single-shooter events, and all shooters were male. Casualty numbers were dramatically higher due to three incidents: the Route 91 Harvest Festival in Las Vegas, Nevada; the Pulse nightclub in Orlando, Florida; and the First Baptist Church in Sutherland Springs, Texas. As in previous years, the shooters’ ages spanned decades: from 14 to 66. No active shooter incidents took place at institutions of higher education or on military property in 2016 or 2017.

...

The enhanced threat posed by active shooters and the swiftness with which active shooter incidents unfold support the importance of preparation by law enforcement officers and citizens alike.

 

...

 

The Cooler (Commerce)

On April 15, 2017, at 9:30 p.m., Seth Thomas Wallace, 32, armed with a handgun, allegedly began shooting inside The Cooler, a bar in Rock Falls, Illinois. The shooter had previously lived in the area and was familiar with the establishment since it was owned by an extended family member. No one was killed; four were wounded. The shooter fled to his home in South Carolina where he surrendered to law enforcement three days later.

 

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FYI, from the FBI report, which is dated April 2018 (bold added)

First Baptist Church in Sutherland Springs, Texas (House of Worship)

On November 5, 2017, at 11:20 a.m., Devin Patrick Kelley, 26, armed with a rifle, exited his vehicle and began shooting outside the First Baptist Church in Sutherland Springs, Texas. He then entered the church and continued shooting at members of the congregation. The shooter exited the church and was confronted by a citizen who possessed a valid firearms permit. The citizen shot the shooter twice, causing the shooter to drop his rifle and flee the scene in his vehicle. The armed citizen, together with the owner of a pickup truck, pursued the shooter. The chase ended when the shooter’s vehicle struck a road sign and overturned. Twenty-six people were killed; 20 were wounded. The shooter committed suicide with a handgun he had in his vehicle before police arrived.

I bolded the suicide, because despite MSM reports, TX law enforcement never released the official cause of death. The TX law enforcement spokesman said on the Monday after the shooting that he thought the cause of death was suicide. What a spokesman thinks, however, isn't a determination of fact. The autopsy wasn't completed until 3 weeks later, and I've been unable to find any news reports of the actual autopsy findings. Presumably the FBI had access to the autopsy for its report.

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This report would never have been released under The Won's administration.

The previous FBI reports were issued in 2014 and 2016.

 

2014 was the first report and covers the period 2002 - 2013.

The 2016 report covers 2014 and 2015.

The 2018 report covers 2016 and 2017.

 

 

Did those earlier reports contain similar conclusions (i.e. Prepared Citizens Crucial to Stopping Active Shooters)

If yes, who got fired?

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Did those earlier reports contain similar conclusions (i.e. Prepared Citizens Crucial to Stopping Active Shooters)

The 2000-2013 (not 2002-2013) report is A Study of Active Shooter Incidents in the United States between 2000 and 2013

Conclusion

...

The study identified 21 (13.1%) of 160 incidents where unarmed citizens made the selfless and deeply personal choices to face the danger of an active shooter. In those instances, the citizens safely and successfully disrupted the shootings.

 

... in 6 ... incidents, armed off-duty police officers, citizens, and security guards risked their lives to successfully end the threat. These actions likely saved the lives of students and others present.

 

Recognizing the increased active shooter threat and the swiftness with which active shooter incidents unfold, these study results support the importance of training and exercises — not only for law enforcement but also for citizens. It is important, too, that training and exercises include not only an understanding of the threats faced but also the risks and options available in active shooter incidents.

...

Navistar International Corporation Factory (Commerce)

On February 5, 2001, at 9:40 a.m., William Daniel Baker, 57, armed with two rifles, a handgun, and a shotgun, began shooting co-workers in the Navistar International Corporation factory in Melrose Park, Illinois. He was to have reported to prison the next day for stealing from Navistar. Four people were killed; four were wounded. The shooter committed suicide before police arrived.

...

Windy City Core Supply, Inc. (Commerce)

On August 27, 2003, at 8:30 a.m., Salvador Tapia Solis, 36, armed with a handgun, began shooting in Windy City Core Supply, Inc. in Chicago, Illinois, a business from which he had been fired six months prior. Six people were killed; no one was wounded. After a two-hour standoff, the shooter was killed by police.

...

Cole Hall Auditorium, Northern Illinois University (Education)

On February 14, 2008, at 3:00 p.m., Steven Phillip Kazmierczak, 27, armed with a shotgun and three handguns, began shooting in the Cole Hall Auditorium at Northern Illinois University in DeKalb, Illinois. He had attended graduate school at the university. Five people were killed; 16 were wounded, including three who were injured as they fled. The shooter committed suicide before police arrived.

...

Farm King Store (Commerce)

On February 3, 2010, at 12:45 p.m., Jonathan Joseph Labbe, 19, armed with a rifle, began shooting inside a Farm King Store in Macomb, Illinois. Eight people barricaded themselves in the office and remained hidden until police arrived. No one was killed or wounded. The shooter committed suicide after police arrived.

The report doesn't break out how many of the 6 were armed citizens vs. off-duty cops or security guards.

 

The 2014-2015 report is Active Shooter Incidents in the United States in 2014 and 2015

Citizens' Involvement

In 6 [of 40] incidents, citizens successfully acted to end the shootings. In 2 separate incidents, a citizen with a valid firearms permit exchanged gunfire with the shooter before the shooters were restrained and taken into custody by law enforcement. In 2 incidents, citizens physically restrained the shooters until law enforcement arrived, one with the aid of pepper spray. In 2 incidents, students were confronted by teachers; the 12-year-old middle school student placed his gun on the floor when ordered to do so, and the 15-year-old high school student committed suicide at the scene.

 

In another incident, a citizen with a valid firearms permit pursued shooters inside a store, but was shot and killed before he fired his weapon.

...

North Milwaukee Avenue, Chicago (Open Space)

On April 19, 2015, at 11:50 p.m., Everardo Custodio, 21, armed with a handgun, began shooting into a crowd of people on North Milwaukee Avenue in Chicago, Illinois. No one was killed or wounded. A citizen with a valid firearms permit shot the suspect and restrained him until law enforcement arrived and took him into custody.

The 2014-2015 report has very little analysis of the events it lists and draws no conclusions of any kind.
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After going through the list of events in the 2000-2013 report, I found only one case of an armed citizen resolving the threat.

Player's Bar and Grill (Commerce)

On May 25, 2008, at 2:25 a.m., Ernesto Villagomez, 30, armed with a handgun, began firing inside Player's Bar and Grill in Winnemucca, Nevada. Two people were killed; two were wounded. The shooter was killed by a citizen with a valid firearm permit before police arrived.

So for those keeping score, that is:

  • 1 case in 160 of an armed citizen ending the threat for the period 2000-2013
  • 2 cases in 40 of an armed citizen ending the threat for the period of 2014-2015 (and 1 additional case where an armed citizen was killed without affecting the threat)
  • 5 cases in 50 of an armed citizen ending the threat for the period of 2016-2017 (and 1 additional case where an armed citizen was wounded without affecting the threat)
It was not always necessary for the armed citizen who ended the threat to discharge his weapon.
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